BIODYNAMIC AGRICULTURE
Biodynamic agriculture was the first ecological farming system
to arise in response to commercial fertilizers and specialized
agriculture. It is the highest standard of organic and
sustainable farming yielding maximum soil health. Optimum
soil health fosters a healthier environment and more nutritious
plants which of course lead to healthier animals and human
beings.
The concept of biodynamic farming was introduced by philosopher
and scientist Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925), an Austrian scientist and
philosopher who had spent all his life researching and
investigating the forces that regulate life and growth. In
1924, Steiner offered the Agriculture Course lecture series (the
foundation of biodynamic farming) to aid farmers who observed that
following the introduction of chemical fertilizers at the turn of
the century, soils were becoming depleted and the health and
quality of crops and livestock were deteriorating. Thus, biodynamic
agriculture was the first ecological farming system to develop as a
grassroots alternative to chemical agriculture.
A fundamental tenet of biodynamic agriculture is that food
raised biodynamically is nutritionally superior and tastes better
than foods produced by other methods. Perhaps the most recent
example supporting this is the notably large increase of biodynamic
practices employed on vineyards for wine production.
While biodynamics parallels organic farming in many ways, it is
set apart from other organic agriculture systems by its emphasis on
farming practices intended to achieve harmony and balance.
For example, emphasis is placed on the balance and relationship
between farm animals and plants grown, between the earthly world
and celestial influences, between wildlife habitat and farmland,
and between physical and spiritual life forces. The farmer
acts as caretaker and facilitator for all these relationships and
strives to know and develop his farm at increasingly deeper
levels.
The biodynamic farm should function as an entity in itself as if
the farm is an individual being and all the components are its
organs which, when balanced and healthy, support the health of the
farm as a whole. Biodyanmic farms aim to be self-supporting
in that, ideally, it is not necessary to bring in elements from
outside the farm and the farm should be able to sustain and feed
itself in a natural cycle where humans and animals nourish the
earth, the nourished earth in turn nourishes the plant, and the
plant completes the cycle by nourishing the animals and human
beings.
The ideal biodynamic farm should strive to be home to five
primary farm animals: cows, sheep, chickens, horses, and
pigs. Each of these amazing creatures make unique and vital
contributions to the balance and health of the farm in terms of the
way that they eat from the land, the nourishing of the soil from
their manure, pest control, weed control, aeration of soil, and
much more.
Another important aspect of the biodynamic farm is the
recognition of the influence that cosmic forces and earthly rhythms
have on all living things. The biodynamic farmer will study
astronomical data to discern the most favorable times for planting,
cultivating, harvesting, tending animals, and making and applying
biodynamic preparations.
For biodynamic farms, soil improvement is obtained by proper
humus management (application of organic manure and compost in the
best possible state of fermentation), proper crop rotation, proper
working of the soil, cover crops, green manures, diversity of crops
rather than monocultures, and companion planting. Farm manure
and compost are the most valuable fertilizers.
Certain preparations are inserted into the manure piles in order
to speed and direct fermentation and preserve the original manure
values. The biodynamic preparations are made of medicinal
herbs that have undergone a long process of fermentation in order
to enrich them in growth-stimulating substances. They react
like yeast in dough - by speeding and directing fermentation of
manure and compost, transforming it into the optimal
fertilizer.
These processes result in a living soil imbued with incredibly
nutritive vital life forces which are passed on to plants and then
on to animals and human beings offering the opportunity for
increasingly better health.
To summarize, biodynamics uses scientifically sound organic
farming practices that build and sustain soil productivity as well
as plant and animal health. Biodynamic farming is practiced
on a commercial scale in many countries and is gaining wider
recognition for its contributions to organic farming, food quality,
community supported agriculture, and qualitative tests for soils
and composts. From a practical viewpoint biodynamics is proven to
be productive, yield nutritious, high quality foods, healthy land
and livestock, and freedom from the environmental problems
associated with many modern farming methods.